A wind turbine transformer (WTT) is designed using a 3D wound core while the transformer’s TOTAL OWNING COST ((TOC)) and its inrush current performance realized as the two objective functions in a multi-objective optimization process. Multi-objective genetic algorithm is utilized to derive Pareto optimal solutions. The effects of inrush current improvement on other operating and design parameters of the transformer such as: losses, dimensions, and weights are investigated. An approach is presented to select one design from optimal Pareto solutions based on relative improvement of the inrush current performance. Finally, this multi-objective optimum wind turbine transformer design is compared with an optimum transformer design obtained when just (TOC) is the objective function.

Smart grids are complex, nonlinear and uncertain systems. Smart grids may consist of one or more COST functions, in which their optimal values have to be obtained. Moreover. In these systems the optimal condition has to be find with small computation burden, high accuracy, and relatively fast in real time. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to find the minimum value of the TOTAL COST for the energy consumption in smart grids, in which the TOTAL COST is considered as uncertain objective function. The advantages of this technique are its stability, fast convergence, insensitivity with respect to initial condition and real time implementation. Some simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Background: One of the most common visceral cancers among men in the world is prostate cancer. Screening for early detection has a positive effect on patients’ survival time. Measurement of serum level of TOTAL PSA and free PSA is abundantly used for screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, no study has been done to determine the relation between serum level of TOTAL PSA and free PSA/TOTAL PSA ratio with malignancy degree on biopsy samples. The aim of this study was to determine the relation of serum level of TOTAL PSA and free PSA/TOTAL PSA ratio, with malignancy degree.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done in Alzahra Hospital during 2012-2013. We selected 85 patients with prostate cancer whose disease was detected in the pathology ward. Serum level of TOTAL PSA and free PSA were measured, and the degree of malignancy was determined by pathology ward based on the Gleason scoring system. All data was recorded in the questionnaire and entered into the computer and analyzed by SPSS software.Findings: The results of this study showed that there is 38% correlation between Gleason score and free PSA/TOTAL PSA ratio. Based on the Pearson correlation, this relation was statistically significant (P=0.037). Moreover, there is a 37% relation between serum level of TOTAL PSA and the Gleason score; this relation was statistically significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: Prostate cancer is usually detected late and biopsy is rarely accepted by patients. Moreover, serum level of TOTAL PSA and TOTAL PSA/free PSA ratio has a relation with degree of malignancy. Therefore, serum level of PSA can help patients and physicians in early detection and treatment of prostate cancer.

A significant amount of COSTs in the process of supply chain assessment and management is often overlooked when applying traditional ways of evaluation and supplier choice, and it is essential to provide a comprehensive approach that can take into account all COSTs associated with a service or product. To this end, the concept of "TOTAL COST of Ownership" is considered as an appropriate criterion for performance assessment and an optimal method for productivity enhancement. It is a philosophy and a purchase device that seeks to delineate the actual purchase COST of a product or a particular service from a specific, and thereby, enhance productivity by reducing viable COSTs of an investment or purchase. Therefore, the current study sought to explore multiple dimensions of TOTAL COST of ownership in selection and evaluation of organizational suppliers. It further aimed to present a mathematical model that can offer an indicator to evaluate the supplier's performance based on each aspect of TOTAL COST of ownership making it possible for organizational decision makers to compare each of their suppliers from different perspectives and choose the most efficient and suitable supplier while keeping the COST to an absolute minimum. The proposed index was finally described based on a sample from an automobile manufacturing company.

Well logging tools are one of the most useful methods for formation evaluation in a sedimentary basin. Therefore, well log data could be used as an indicator for determination of source rock potential. Characterizations of Kazhdomi, Pabdeh and Gurpi source rocks have been determined by geochemical analyses in some of Iranian oil fields, but no (TOC) zonation and interpretation have been carried out in these formations yet. The aim of this study is to estimate the (TOC) content by means of combination of sonic and resistivity logs (DlogR method), which were run in Pabdeh and neural network method and then compare with (TOC) results from geochemical analysis (RockEval VI) in Ahwaz and Marun oil fields. Consequently, the results led to zonation of (TOC) in mentioned oil fields. Also, the intervals which Pabdeh formation has reached to oil generation window were determined with respect to (TOC) rich zone thickness changes and geothermal gradient of wells.